Petra Travel Guide: Everything You Need to Know

Introduction - Why Visit Petra?

Nestled in the rugged mountains of southern Jordan, Petra is one of the most iconic archaeological sites in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Often referred to as the "Rose City" due to the stunning color of its rock-cut architecture, Petra is a dazzling testament to the ingenuity of the Nabataeans, an ancient Arab people who established this thriving city over 2,000 years ago. As you walk through the narrow passageways and marvel at the intricate facades carved into the cliffs, you can almost hear the echoes of history reverberating through the sandstone.

Petra was once a bustling trade hub that connected the silk and spice routes of the East with the Mediterranean world. The Nabataeans were not just skilled traders; they were also masterful engineers who harnessed the desert's scarce water resources to create an oasis of culture and prosperity. The city flourished until it was eventually overshadowed by changing trade routes and fell into obscurity, only to be rediscovered by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812. Today, Petra stands as a symbol of human resilience and creativity, drawing travelers from around the globe who come to explore its enchanting ruins.

The allure of Petra extends beyond its archaeological significance. The surrounding landscape, characterized by dramatic cliffs and vibrant desert colors, offers a stunning backdrop for hikes, photography, and exploration. Whether you're a history buff, an adventure seeker, or simply someone who appreciates beauty, Petra has something to offer everyone. As you wander through the Siq, the narrow gorge that leads into the city, the anticipation builds, culminating in the breathtaking first sight of Al-Khazneh, the Treasury, which famously features in the movie "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade." This moment alone is worth the trip!

Visiting Petra is not just about seeing ancient ruins; it’s about immersing yourself in a unique cultural experience. The warmth of the local Bedouin people, the tantalizing flavors of Jordanian cuisine, and the serene beauty of the desert landscape all come together to create a memorable journey. Whether you plan to spend a day or a week, Petra is sure to leave an indelible mark on your heart.

Best Time to Visit

When planning your trip to Petra, it’s essential to consider the weather, as it can significantly affect your experience. The ideal time to visit is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) when temperatures are mild and conducive to exploring the archaeological site comfortably. During these months, daytime highs typically range from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F), making it perfect for hiking and sightseeing.

Summer (June to August) can be brutally hot, with temperatures soaring to 40°C (104°F) or higher. While Petra sees fewer crowds during this time, the heat can be challenging for outdoor explorations, and many visitors prefer to start their days early or take breaks in shaded areas to avoid sun exposure.

Winter (December to February) offers cooler temperatures, averaging between 5°C to 15°C (41°F to 59°F). Snow is rare but not impossible, so be prepared for chilly evenings and consider dressing in layers. This is also the low season for tourism, meaning fewer visitors and a more intimate experience with the ancient ruins.

Local Events: If you’re interested in cultural experiences, consider timing your visit to coincide with local events. The Petra Night Show, which takes place twice a week, features a magical candlelit walk through the Siq to the Treasury, where traditional Bedouin music creates an unforgettable atmosphere.

In conclusion, the best times to visit Petra are during spring and fall for pleasant weather and vibrant flora, while the off-peak seasons provide a more tranquil experience. Opt for nighttime visits like Petra by Night for a unique perspective on this ancient city.

Top Attractions

Al-Khazneh (The Treasury)

Al-Khazneh is undoubtedly the most famous landmark in Petra and serves as a stunning introduction to the ancient city. As you emerge from the Siq, the narrow gorge leading into Petra, you’ll be greeted by the awe-inspiring façade that stands nearly 40 meters (131 feet) high. Carved intricately into the rose-red sandstone, the structure is believed to have been the mausoleum of Nabataean King Aretas IV, who ruled during the first century AD.

The façade is adorned with elaborate columns, statues, and relief carvings that reflect a blend of Greco-Roman and Nabataean architectural styles. While visitors can only see the exterior, stepping back to appreciate its grandeur is a must. Don’t forget your camera!

The Monastery (Ad Deir)

The Monastery, known as Ad Deir, is another breathtaking highlight of Petra and is often less crowded than Al-Khazneh. To reach this stunning structure, you must climb approximately 800 steps carved into the mountainside, rewarding your efforts with spectacular views of the surrounding landscape.

The Monastery stands at about 50 meters (164 feet) tall, and like the Treasury, it features a striking façade with elements that hint at Hellenistic influences. The interior is less ornate than Al-Khazneh but equally impressive. Take a moment to enjoy the panoramic views from the terrace; it’s a fantastic spot for photography or simply soaking in the beauty of Petra.

The Siq

The Siq is the main entrance to Petra and serves as a natural passageway that enhances the anticipation of visiting the city. This narrow gorge stretches for about 1.2 kilometers (0.75 miles) and is flanked by towering cliffs that soar up to 80 meters (262 feet) high. As you walk through the Siq, you’ll witness fascinating geological formations, ancient carvings, and remnants of the water conduit system that the Nabataeans engineered.

You’ll also encounter the remains of the Triumphal Arch and other historical features along the way. The experience of walking through the Siq is akin to stepping back in time, with the sunlight filtering through the crevices and illuminating the stone walls as you approach the iconic Treasury.

Petra by Night

For a truly magical experience, consider attending Petra by Night, held every Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday. This enchanting event begins with a candlelit walk through the Siq, where hundreds of lanterns illuminate the path. Upon reaching the Treasury, you’ll be greeted by the sight of the ancient monument bathed in golden light.

The experience is further enhanced by traditional Bedouin music, creating an atmosphere of mystery and wonder. Visitors sit on mats in front of the Treasury, sipping tea while listening to stories about Petra’s history. Tickets cost around 17 JD (approximately $24) and must be purchased in advance.

Hidden Gems

While Petra is famous for its well-known landmarks, several hidden gems are worth seeking out.

The High Place of Sacrifice

This ancient altar is located on a hilltop and offers one of the best panoramic views of Petra. The climb involves ascending around 1,000 steps, but the breathtaking vistas and the serenity of the site make it worth the effort. The altar itself is carved from a single rock and features several stone benches. It is thought to have been used for rituals and sacrifices during the Nabataean period.

The Royal Tombs

Located to the left of the main path after the Treasury, the Royal Tombs are a collection of impressive burial sites that showcase some of Petra's most elaborate architecture. Each tomb has unique carvings and designs, with some still displaying remnants of paint. The Urn Tomb, for instance, features a grand entrance and a large dome. Exploring these tombs allows you to appreciate the Nabataean’s artistic prowess and their reverence for the afterlife.

The Petra Church

This lesser-known site is a must-visit for those interested in early Christian history. The Petra Church, built in the 5th century AD, boasts stunning mosaic floors depicting biblical scenes. Although partially in ruins, you can still sense the historical significance of this site. It’s located near the Royal Tombs and is often overlooked by tourists.

Where to Stay

Choosing the right accommodation is key to maximizing your experience in Petra. Here are some of the best neighborhoods to consider:

Wadi Musa

Pros: Wadi Musa is the closest town to Petra, making it the most convenient place to stay for visiting the site. It offers numerous hotels and guesthouses catering to various budgets, along with restaurants, shops, and local markets.

Cons: While it’s lively, Wadi Musa can be touristy, and some accommodations may charge a premium price during peak season.

Price Range:

• Budget: Hostels & Guesthouses (10-30 JD, approximately $14-$42)
• Mid-range: Hotels (30-100 JD, approximately $42-$140)
• Luxury: High-end hotels (100 JD and above, approximately $140+)

Petra Guest House

Located just a 5-minute walk from the entrance to Petra, this hotel provides a comfortable stay with modern amenities. The on-site restaurant serves traditional Jordanian cuisine, and many rooms offer beautiful views of the surrounding mountains. Prices range from 60-120 JD ($85-$170) per night.

Movenpick Resort Petra

For those seeking luxury, the Movenpick Resort Petra is a fantastic choice. Its stunning architecture blends seamlessly with the surrounding landscape, and guests can enjoy top-notch facilities, including a pool, spa, and multiple dining options. Prices typically start at around 200 JD ($280) per night.

Local Cuisine

Eating in Jordan is a delightful experience that reflects the country’s rich history and diverse cultural influences. Here are some must-try dishes and local eateries:

Must-Try Dishes

• Mansaf: The national dish of Jordan, mansaf consists of lamb cooked in a tangy yogurt sauce and served over rice topped with pine nuts and almonds.
• Zarb: A traditional Bedouin dish made by cooking marinated meat and vegetables in an underground oven. It’s often served during special occasions.
• Falafel and Hummus: These classic Middle Eastern dishes are popular street food and are widely available in shops and restaurants.
• Knafeh: A sweet dessert made from thin noodle-like pastry soaked in sweet syrup and layered with cheese or cream.

Recommended Restaurants

• Al-Wadi Restaurant: Located in Wadi Musa, this restaurant serves traditional Jordanian dishes in a cozy atmosphere. The mansaf is a standout, and it’s a great place to sample a variety of local dishes.
• The Cave Bar: Known as the world’s oldest bar, this unique establishment is built into a cave and offers a relaxed ambiance for enjoying drinks and light bites after a long day of exploring.
• Petra Kitchen: For a truly immersive experience, consider joining a cooking class at Petra Kitchen, where you can learn to prepare authentic Jordanian meals and then enjoy the fruits of your labor.

Getting Around

Petra is a vast archaeological site, and getting around requires some planning. Here’s a detailed guide to transportation options:

Walking

Most visitors explore Petra on foot, as the main attractions are connected by well-marked paths. Wear comfortable shoes, as you’ll be walking on uneven terrain, and don’t forget to bring plenty of water to stay hydrated!

Horse and Carriage

If you prefer a more leisurely pace, you can hire a horse or carriage ride from the entrance to the Treasury. The prices are typically around 5 JD (approximately $7) for a short ride. However, be cautious, as these rides can sometimes be rushed.

Bicycles

Bicycles can be rented in certain areas, allowing for a quicker way to explore the site. Rental prices generally range from 15-25 JD (approximately $21-$35) per day.

Taxis and Rideshares

In Wadi Musa, taxis are readily available to take you to and from Petra or nearby attractions. Ensure you negotiate the fare upfront or request the meter be used. Rideshare apps like Uber are not widely available in Jordan, but some local apps may offer similar services.

Guided Tours

If you want an in-depth exploration of Petra, consider joining a guided tour. Many companies offer half-day or full-day tours that include transportation to and from your hotel, a knowledgeable guide, and sometimes lunch. Prices vary based on the package, but expect to pay around 30-100 JD ($42-$140) depending on inclusions.

Suggested Itineraries

Planning your time in Petra can be overwhelming with so much to see and do. Here’s a suggested three-day itinerary to help you make the most of your visit.

Day 1: Introduction to Petra

• Morning: Arrive early at the Petra Visitor Center to purchase your ticket (50 JD for a single-day visit). Head through the Siq to the Treasury.
• Midday: Explore the Royal Tombs and have a traditional lunch at Al-Wadi Restaurant.
• Afternoon: Visit the Byzantine Church and the High Place of Sacrifice for stunning views.
• Evening: Enjoy the Petra by Night show (if available).

Day 2: Deep Dive into History

• Morning: Tackle the hike to the Monastery early to avoid crowds.
• Midday: Enjoy a picnic lunch with a view at the Monastery terrace.
• Afternoon: Visit the Al-Deir Monastery, then explore the nearby Tomb of the Soldier.
• Evening: Return to Wadi Musa for dinner at The Cave Bar.

Day 3: Adventure and Exploration

• Morning: Take a guided tour to explore lesser-known sites like the Al-Mahatta and Siq al-Barid (Little Petra).
• Midday: Have lunch at Petra Kitchen and learn to cook local dishes.
• Afternoon: Hike to the viewpoint of the Monastery for breathtaking sunset views.
• Evening: Stroll through Wadi Musa for shopping and light bites.

Shopping & Souvenirs

Shopping in Petra can be a delightful experience, offering a mix of traditional crafts and unique souvenirs. Here are some top places to shop:

Petra Visitors Center

Upon entering Petra, the Visitors Center features a small shop offering books, maps, and quality souvenirs related to Petra. It’s an excellent place to pick up initial mementos.

Local Markets in Wadi Musa

As you wander through Wadi Musa, explore local markets selling handmade crafts, jewelry, and traditional Bedouin textiles. Look for:

• Pottery and Ceramics: Handmade pottery decorated with intricate designs.
• Bedouin Jewelry: Unique silver jewelry, often crafted by local artisans.
• Handwoven Fabrics: Scarves, bags, and rugs made by local craftspeople.

Petra Souvenirs Shop

Close to the entrance, this shop offers unique handcrafted items, including decorative pieces made from the rose-red sandstone of Petra itself.

Nightlife & Entertainment

While Petra is not famous for its nightlife, there are still several options for evening entertainment.

Bars and Cafes

• The Cave Bar: The perfect spot to unwind after a long day, this unique bar built into a cave offers a relaxed atmosphere with drinks and light snacks.
• The Nabatean Tent: Located within Petra, this spot gives you a taste of local culture with live music and traditional dances on select nights.

Cultural Events

Consider attending lectures or cultural presentations organized by local tour companies or community centers. These often provide deeper insight into the history and traditions of the Nabataean people.

Budget Planning

Having a clear budget will help you manage your expenses throughout your trip to Petra. Here’s a comprehensive breakdown of potential costs:

Accommodation

• Budget: 10-30 JD ($14-$42) for hostels and guesthouses
• Mid-range: 30-100 JD ($42-$140) for hotels
• Luxury: 100 JD and above ($140+) for high-end resorts

Food and Drink

• Meals at local restaurants: 5-15 JD ($7-$21)
• Fine dining: 20-50 JD ($28-$70)
• Snacks and drinks: 1-5 JD ($1.50-$7)

Entrance Fees and Tours

• Petra entrance fee: 50 JD ($70 for a single day)
• Petra by Night: 17 JD ($24)
• Guided tours: 30-100 JD ($42-$140) depending on inclusions

Transportation

• Taxi rides: 5-15 JD ($7-$21) within Wadi Musa
• Horse rides: 5 JD ($7)
• Bicycle rentals: 15-25 JD ($21-$35) per day

Miscellaneous Expenses

• Souvenirs: 5-50 JD ($7-$70) depending on the item
• Tips: 1-5 JD ($1.50-$7) for guides and service staff

In total, a budget traveler can expect to spend around 60-100 JD ($85-$140) per day, while a mid-range traveler may spend 100-200 JD ($140-$280) per day, including accommodations, food, and activities.

Travel Tips

To make the most of your trip to Petra, here are some essential travel tips to keep in mind:

Local Customs

Jordan is a predominantly Muslim country, and it’s important to respect local customs and traditions. Dress modestly, covering your shoulders and knees, especially when visiting religious sites.

Language

Arabic is the official language, but English is widely spoken in tourist areas. Learning a few basic Arabic phrases can enhance your interactions with locals and show appreciation for their culture.

Safety

Jordan is considered one of the safest countries in the Middle East for travelers. However, always stay aware of your surroundings and keep valuables secure. It’s advisable to avoid political demonstrations and follow local advice.

Etiquette

When interacting with locals, a warm smile goes a long way. Always ask permission before taking photos of people, especially women. Tipping is appreciated in restaurants and for guides, typically around 10-15%.

Day Trips

If you have extra time during your visit to Petra, consider exploring nearby destinations that showcase Jordan's rich history and stunning natural beauty.

Wadi Rum

About an hour's drive from Petra, Wadi Rum is a breathtaking desert landscape known for its dramatic sandstone mountains and vast, unspoiled wilderness. Join a guided jeep tour or take a camel ride to truly immerse yourself in this stunning environment. Most tours last several hours and range from 30-100 JD per person ($42-$140).

Aqaba

Located about an hour and a half from Petra, Aqaba is Jordan's only coastal city on the Red Sea. It’s an excellent destination for beach lovers, and you can indulge in activities like snorkeling, scuba diving, or simply relaxing by the water. A day trip from Petra can easily be arranged, with prices starting around 20 JD ($28) for transportation.

Mount Nebo and Madaba

Roughly two hours from Petra, Mount Nebo is a significant religious site where Moses is said to have viewed the Promised Land. Nearby Madaba is famous for its ancient mosaics, especially the Madaba Map, a detailed 6th-century mosaic of the Holy Land. Combined tours to both sites generally cost around 40-70 JD ($56-$98).

Practical Information

Visa

Most travelers can obtain a visa upon arrival in Jordan, valid for 30 days. Ensure you have a passport valid for at least six months beyond your entry date. The visa fee is approximately 40 JD ($56).

SIM Cards

Purchasing a SIM card at Queen Alia International Airport or local shops in Wadi Musa is easy and affordable. Expect to pay around 5-10 JD ($7-$14) for a SIM card with data plans ranging from 1-10 JD ($1.50-$14).

Currency

The official currency is the Jordanian Dinar (JD). Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels and larger restaurants, but it's advisable to carry cash for smaller shops and local markets.

Emergency Contacts

• Local Emergency Services: 911
• Tourist Police: 06-560-5555
• Petra Visitors Center: +962-3-215-6666

In summary, Petra is not merely a destination; it's an experience that captivates the imagination and soul. From its breathtaking architecture and rich history to the welcoming nature of the local people, every moment spent here is a treasured memory waiting to unfold. So pack your bags, lace up your walking shoes, and get ready to embark on an unforgettable journey through the enchanting Rose City of Petra!